Nitrogen was used at 35 psi for vaporization and as drying gas, respectively, at 10 L/min. The interface temperature was set at 300 ✬. The detection was performed on a quadrupole rod mass spectrometer operated with electrospray ionization (ESI), both in negative and positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) ion mode. The total time of an analysis was 35 min. The methanol and the formic acid were of LC/MS grade. Formic acid (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used as an organic modifier. The mobile phase was represented using a gradient made from methanol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and ultra purified water prepared with a Simplicity Ultra Pure Water Purification System (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The column was maintained at 40 ☌ during the analysis. The separation was carried out on a Luna C18 reversed-phase column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 3 mm, 100 Å) from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA, USA). The LC/MS analysis was performed on a Shimadzu Nexera I LC/MS-8045 (Kyoto, Japan) HPLC system equipped with a quaternary pump and autosampler, respectively, an ESI probe and quadrupole rod mass spectrometer.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Using a calibration curve (solutions in the range of 0.025–0.15 mg/mL, R 2 = 0.9986), the total phenolic content of the fruit extract was expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/mL extract. After 2 h of storage in a dark at room temperature, the absorbance of the solution was recorded at 765 nm. Thus, to a mixture of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (100 µL) and Cornelian cherry fruit extract (10 µL), Na 2CO 3 (80 µL) were added. The Cornelian cherry extract was characterized in terms of total phenolic content, determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay with minor modifications. The biological activity of the resulting concentrated fruit extract was determined and used to synthesize the gold nanoparticles. After stirring for 1 h at ambient temperature, the mixture was vacuum-filtrated, and the acetone was totally removed using low-pressure distillation. The Cornelian cherries (bought from the Central Market of Cluj-Napoca in August 2021 and kept frozen until use) were crushed and mixed with food-grade acetone (in a 1:5 ratio).
The oral administration of AuNPsCM altered the aorta wall with effects on the blood flow. Compared to the rats that received only CMC, the oral administration of AuNPsCM produced significant increases in aorta volume and significant decreases in blood flow velocity, with ultrastructural disorganization of the aorta wall. The aorta imaging investigation consisted of echography, magnetic resonance imaging and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The rats were randomly allocated into five groups and were treated, for one additional month with HFD, with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), insulin, pioglitazone, AuNPsCM solution or with Cornus mas L. Sprague Dawley female rats that received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 months were injected with streptozotocin to develop diabetes mellitus (DM). In our study, the aorta was investigated via imaging after the oral administration of gold nanoparticles functionalized with bioactive compounds derived from Cornus mas fruit extract (AuNPsCM) in rats with a high-fat diet and diabetes mellitus. Gold nanoparticles, as new pharmaceutical drug delivery systems, may be used in the treatment of different diseases. Diabetes mellitus and high-fat diets trigger the mechanisms that alter the walls of blood vessels.
0 kommentar(er)
